Modern farming is no longer limited to traditional methods. With the advent of agricultural machinery, even small-scale farmers can boost productivity and reduce physical effort. However, to get the best out of your farm equipment, knowing how to use it correctly is just as important as owning it.

In this guide, we explain how to efficiently and safely use agricultural tools and machinery commonly found on Indian farms, along with basic maintenance tips to extend their life.

1. Tractor Usage Tips

A tractor is the most versatile machine on any farm. It can plough, harrow, sow, and even carry loads.

How to Use Efficiently:

• Always match the implement with tractor horsepower (HP) to avoid engine overload.
• Use low gears for ploughing or heavy work to maintain better control.
• Make sure tyres are properly inflated for field work and transport.
• For fuel efficiency, avoid over-speeding and idling for long durations.

Maintenance Tips:

• Check engine oil, coolant, and hydraulic fluid regularly.
• Clean the air filter weekly.
• Service the tractor as per manufacturer schedule.

2. Sprayers (Manual & Battery-Operated)

Sprayers are essential for applying pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides.

Usage Tips:

• Calibrate the nozzle for uniform spraying.
• Spray in the morning or late afternoon to avoid chemical evaporation.
• Wear protective clothing and follow label instructions.

Maintenance:

• Clean tank and nozzle after every use.
• Lubricate moving parts and store in a dry place.

3. Power Tiller & Rotavator

These machines are excellent for soil preparation in small to medium farms.

Usage Guide:

• Adjust depth settings as per soil type (shallow for light soils, deeper for heavy).
• Operate at steady speed to avoid clumps.
• Use proper weights to balance the machine for level tilling.

Maintenance:

• Inspect tines and blades for wear.
• Change engine oil every 50-60 hours of operation.
• Remove dirt buildup from engine and parts after each use.

4. Thresher & Harvesting Equipment

Threshers and combine harvesters are time-saving machines during the harvesting season.

Safe Usage:

• Keep hands and clothing away from moving parts.
• Do not overload the input section.
• Always shut down before servicing or cleaning.

Care & Maintenance:

• Check belts and chains for tension.
• Remove crop residue and clean thoroughly after use.
• Store under cover to prevent rusting.

5. General Safety and Best Practices

• Training is key. Read manuals or attend training sessions by Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs).
• Use PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), especially while spraying.
• Keep tools dry and rust-free, and lubricate regularly.
• Store sharp tools safely, away from children and animals.

Conclusion

Proper usage and timely maintenance of farm equipment ensure long-term savings, reduce breakdowns, and improve farm productivity. Whether you’re using a simple sickle or a complex harvester, understanding its correct use is the first step towards modern, efficient, and sustainable farming.